Definition 2:   "The History, Nature, & Use of Epikeia in Moral Theology" >
"The reasons for the existence of such a concept (epikeia) is to be found in the fact that laws are, of their very nature, universal. Lawmakers legislate for the general run of cases, and not for any particular concrete instance. But particular details and circumstance are almost limitless in number and nature; it is clear that no legislator in the act of framing of a law, can foresee all the variable circumstances which may arise. Taking into account what usually and ordinarily happens, he enacts his law."
(Fr. Lawrence Joseph Riley, A.B. S.T.L , 7 May 1948)

Definition 3:   Concise Catholic Dictionary >
"An interpretation of a law whereby it is considered not to bind in a particular case because of some special circumstances; an interpretation of the law in a particular instance against the letter of the law but in keeping with its spirit; an interpretation of the mind of the lawmaker which reasons that he, knowing the conditions, would not wish his law to bind in this particular case."
(Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee, 1944 compiled by Robert Broderick)

Definition 4:   Saint Thomas Aquinas, regarding epikeia >
When we were treating of laws, since human actions, with which laws are concerned, are composed of contingent singulars and are innumerable in their diversity, it was not possible to lay down rules of law that would apply to every single case. Legislators in framing laws attend to what commonly happens: although if the law be applied to certain cases it will frustrate the equality of justice and be injurious to the common good, which the law has in view.
(Summa, 2nd Part of the 2nd Part, Question 120, Article 1, Answer)

Definition 5:   Catholic Encyclopedia >
"When the law of the legislator is not in harmony with the dictates of the natural law, equity (æquitas, epikeia) demands that it be set aside or corrected. St. Thomas explains the lawfulness of this procedure. Because human actions, which are the subject of laws are individual and innumerable, it is not possible to establish any law that may not sometimes work out unjustly."

Definition 6:   New Catholic Dictionary, 1910 Version >
"An indulgent and benign interpretation of law, which regards a law as not applying in a particular case because of circumstances unforeseen by the lawmaker. The lawmaker cannot foresee all possible cases that may come under the law, and it is therefore reasonably presumed that were the present circumstances known to the legislator he would permit the act."

Definition 7:   Saint Thomas Aquinas, Doctor of the Church, died 1274 A.D., regarding epikeia >
"No man is so wise as to be able to take account of every single case; wherefore he is not able sufficiently to express in words all those things that are suitable for the end he has in view."
(Summa, 1st Part of the 2nd Part, Question 96, Article 6, R.O. 3)

           "The lawgiver does not wish to bind"
 
           "Epikeia may not be used ... in the case of Divine Law"
 
           "Not foreseen by the legislator"
 
           "Interprets the mind of the lawgiver"
 
           "No legislator … can foresee all"
 
           "Taking into account what usually and ordinarily happens"
 
           "No man has wisdom ... all individual cases"
 
             Etc.

It is clear that epikeia does not relate to the Divine Law (Catholic Dogma on Faith and Morals) which must be held with no exceptions, to save your soul.

We had been going to "independent chapels" ourselves until we saw clearer, via the Dogma and proper understanding of epikeia, that we were committing sins against the Faith by going to them, after we had left the Vatican-2 cult. A Formal Abjuration for leaving the Vatican-2 cult and re-entering the Catholic Church is on Section 19.1 of this website.

We have to face facts, God has allowed the Mass and Sacramental confession to be taken away from us, there is nowhere to go.

The "independent chapels" are non-Catholic worship because they violate the Catholic Dogma that the Catholic Church has one supreme jurisdiction over the whole world, and one governance over the whole world with a hierarchical subordination. It is impossible for the "independent chapels" to meet these dogmatic definitions on jurisdiction and governance ... so they are not Catholic entities.

It is impossible for any physical organization to meet these definitions in our time since the formerly Catholic hierarchy has been lost through heresy ... the Vatican-2 heretic cult controls our formerly Catholic properties.

Please review Section 87 of this website which contains Dogmatic definitions that the Catholic Church is an entity that is of one world wide governance with a single supreme jurisdiction.

Given: The Divine Law regarding governance and jurisdiction, combined with the state of things (the takeover of our property by non-Catholics) at the Vatican and in the formerly Catholic diocese around the world … again, it is clear that God has allowed the Mass, sacramental confession, and the priesthood to be taken away from us in these times.

All of the sacraments, except water baptism, are necessary by a necessity of precept (as opposed to necessary by a necessity of means). Necessity of precept means we must go to the (precept) sacraments if they are available to us. Mass and confession are not available to us at this time so we, obviously, are not culpable for not going to what is not available. See Section 7.4 of this site which addresses Catholic necessity.

There is no such thing as the Sacrament of Confession outside of the Catholic Church and valid Masses outside of the Catholic Church are illicit and one commits mortal sinful by going to them (see below listed scriptures). Because of the Dogma on Governance and Jurisdiction, the "independent chapels" cannot be, and are not, sources of these sacraments. Also, the Vatican-2 cult is not a source of Catholic sacraments since they are not Catholic by Faith.

Teaching from the Council of Trent which addresses lack of Sacramental Confession (see Section 10.2 for more detail):

Council of Trent, Session 14, Chapter 4, On Contrition, 1551 A.D. -- Ex-Cathedra Dogma >
"It sometimes happens that this contrition is perfect through charity, and reconciles man with God before this sacrament be actually received, the said reconciliation, nevertheless, is not to be ascribed to that contrition, independently of the desire of the sacrament which is included therein."

Council of Trent, Session 6, Chapter 14, on Justification, 1547 A.D. -- Ex-Cathedra Dogma >
"Hence it must be taught that the repentance of a Christian after his fall is very different from that at his baptism, and that it includes not only a cessation from sins ... but also the sacramental confession of the same, at least in desire and to be made in its season ..."

Council of Trent, Session 6, Chapter 14, on Justification, 1547 A.D. -- Ex-Cathedra Dogma >
" ... Sacerdotal absolution, as well as satisfaction by fasting, almsgiving, prayers, and other devout exercises of the spiritual life, not indeed for the eternal punishment, which is remitted together with the guilt either by the sacrament or the desire of the sacrament, but for the temporal punishment."

Necessity of means are that which you must have to get to Heaven. Water baptism and believing the Catholic Dogma are necessary by a necessity of means. These necessities of means are available to us so that we can save our souls. God does not command impossibilities and the fact that He has taken away Mass and confession does not mean that we cannot get to Heaven.

If, on the other hand, one rejects the Dogma that the Catholic Church is of one governance with a single jurisdiction around the whole world, he rejects something which is necessary by a necessity of means (believing the Dogma) so he won’t be able to get to Heaven. By committing the sins of illegally stealing the sacraments in "idependent" groups ("SSPX", "SSPV", "independents", "Thuc line groups", "CMRI", other "independents", etc.) against the Dogma outlined in Section 87 of this website, he loses his soul. See Section 88 of this website for citations where God clearly instructs us that the Faith comes before the sacraments.

Again, please see Section 7.4 of this website for more regarding necessity of means and precept.

See Section 90 > That we are to avoid communing with heretics and that we must avoid the buildings of heretics. The "independent chapels" are buildings of heretics because they are operating in violation of the Catholic Dogma on Jurisdiction and Governance shown in Section 87 of this site.

See Section 99 > Regarding the heresy of "supplied jurisdiction" (there is no such thing as "supplied jurisdiction").

If you resist this punishment by God (loss of Mass, confession, and priests) via (by what you falsely see as) a "workaround", namely the "independent chapels" your soul will descend into Hell after God takes it out of your body.

Summary: Divine Laws that deal with Faith or Morals (Dogma) cannot change, nor can one be exempted or dispensed from obeying them under any circumstance via epikeia. One can only be exempted from man-made laws on discipline, practices, or other matters under certain circumstances via the application of epikeia.

(1)  Laymen teaching the Catholic Faith in public without a superior’s approval, since there are no bishops or priests at this time.
(2)  Abjuring of heresy to a Catholic laymen, since there are no Catholic bishops to abjure to.
(3)  Making the determination that you are to ill to go to Mass (this example is not applicable at this time).
        Etc.

Blessed John Mary Vianney, died 1859 A.D. >
"To him who seeks only to please God and save his soul, the necessities will never be lacking."

St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, Doctor of the Church, died 1787 A.D. >
"We cannot believe that God would have imposed on us the observance of a law, and then made the law impossible to observe!"

St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, Doctor of the Church, died 1787 A.D. >
"Since God commands everyone actually to observe the commandments, it must certainly be supposed that He ordinarily gives to everyone at least the remote grace with which, at least by prayer, they can actually fulfill the Law. Everyone has from God sufficient grace actually to fulfill the Law."

~   ~   ~

Catholic Faith (pre-fulfillment) writing of Ecclesiasticus 34:21-23 >
"The offering of him that sacrificeth of a thing wrongfully gotten, is stained, and the mockeries of the unjust are not acceptable. The Lord is only for them that wait upon Him in the way of truth and justice. The most High approveth not the gifts of the wicked: neither hath He respect to the oblations of the unjust, nor will He be pacified for sins by the multitude of their sacrifices."

Note 1: The "mockeries of the unjust", as applied to the Vatican-2 cult, is the avalanche of heresy that this anti-Christ cult "believes" and "teaches". One who believes the Vatican-2 heresies and who participates in the Vatican-2 heretical society, is in an unjust state whereby God sees your "sacrifice" as "gifts of the wicked". The Vatican-2 heretic meeting halls have as their official "belief" that one can get to Heaven outside the Catholic Church (you can't), that one can get to Heaven without water baptism (you can't), that there is Christianity outside of the Catholic Church (there isn't), etc. ... all these are "mockeries" of the unjust".

Note 2: The Vatican-2 heretic meeting halls reject the Catholic Dogmas, so they are not "waiting on God in the way of truth and justice", so God ignores the Vatican-2-ists, their "prayers" are not accepted. You are not "waiting upon God in the way of truth" if you are participating in the Vatican-2 heretical society. Please see Sections 32 and 90 for more information on God not regarding the prayers of those in heretic groups.

Note 3: The "independents" ("SSPX", "SSPV", "CMRI", "Thuc line", other "independents", etc.) all "sacrificeth of a thing wrongfully gotten" since they are all operating in violation of the Catholic Dogma on jurisdiction and governance -- listed in Section 87 of this site. God sees these as gifts of the wicked.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic Faith (pre-fulfillment) writing of 1 Kings 15:22-23 >
"And Samuel said: Doth the Lord desire holocausts and victims, and not rather that the voice of the Lord should be obeyed? For obedience is better than sacrifices: and to hearken rather than to offer the fat of rams. Because it is like the sin of witchcraft to rebel: and like the crime of idolatry, to refuse to obey."

Note 1: The Vatican-2 heretic cult clearly does not obey the voice of God as is specified in 1 Kings 15. They are frantically rebelling against the Catholic Dogma to damn souls. If you doubt this, try to hand out a sheet with the Catholic Dogma regarding water baptism on it (such as Item 32 in Appendix A) and see how fast you are stopped by the Vatican-2 heretic group leader who is dressed up like a Catholic priest.

Note 2: The "independents" ("SSPX", "SSPV", "CMRI", "Thuc line", other "independents", etc.) are all in violation of the Catholic Dogma on jurisdiction and governance so they are disobeying the voice of the Lord regarding the Dogma listed in Section 87 of this site.

Note 3: If you disagree with God’s teaching that Faith comes before sacrifice, please re-read 1 Kings 15:22-13.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic Faith (pre-fulfillment) writing of Psalm 49:5 >
"Gather ye together His saints to Him: who set His covenant before sacrifices."

Note 1: God's covenant, the truth that He has revealed to men, is the Dogmas of the Catholic Church. The Vatican-2 heretic cult is fanatically against the Catholic Dogma so their "sacrifice" (which is not a valid Mass anyway, the Mass was invalidated by non-Catholic apostate "Paul VI") is not acceptable. Please see Section 12.8 of this website for some of the heresies of apostate "Paul VI".

Note 2: If you want to verify that you are in a Vatican-2 meeting hall on Sunday and not a Catholic Church (even though the building you are walking into has a Catholic sign out front) simply ask the Vatican-2 group leader (who is dressed up like a Catholic priest) if you have to be Catholic to get to Heaven. When he says "no" you'll know at that point that he is not a Catholic priest but is a heretic. When a heretic is in physical control of a building, that building is not a Catholic Church.

Note 3: The "independents" ("SSPX", "SSPV", "CMRI", "Thuc line", other "independents", etc.) ignore the covenant teaching regarding jurisdiction and governance so they are in violation of this Catholic writing of Psalm 49:5.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic Faith (pre-fulfillment) writing of Osee 6:6 >
"I desired ... the knowledge of God more than holocausts."

Note: The knowledge of God, revealed to men to date, is the Catholic Dogmas. If you are in a building on Sunday which rejects the Catholic Dogma (and all Vatican-2 and "independent" meeting halls fall into this category because they either (1) subscribe to the "council" or (2) violate the jurisdiction/governance Dogma) you are doing something that is not pleasing to God.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic Faith (pre-fulfillment) writing of Osee 3:4-5 >
"For the children of Israel shall sit many days without king, and without prince, and without sacrifice, and without altar, and without ephod, and without theraphim. And after this the children of Israel shall return ... in the last days."

Note 1: The religion of the Old Testament Israelites was the Catholic Faith unfulfilled. The Catholic Church, unfulfilled, wrote the Old Testament and fulfilled wrote the New Testament. The "children of Israel" in this scripture are those who are properly baptized in water and who believe the Catholic Dogma and Sources of Dogma. The un-baptized pagans who call themselves jews left God's covenant for "talmudic judaism" in about 200 B.C. -- see Section 39.1.

Note 2: One can see from this scripture that the takeover of our Catholic buildings by the Vatican-2 heretic cult in our time, is not the first time that the "children of Israel" have had to "sit without sacrifice".

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic Faith (pre-fulfillment) writing of Psalm 25:4-5 >
"I have not sat with the council of vanity: neither will I go in with the doers of unjust things. I have hated the assembly of the malignant; and with the wicked I will not sit."

Note 1: God does not "go in with the doers of unjust things" -- unjust things such as lying against the Catholic Dogma in almost any way imaginable as the Vatican-2 cult does.

Note 2: The Vatican-2 meeting halls are assemblies of the malignant because they are against the Catholic Dogma, thereby being a group with which God will not sit. Likewise for the "independents" all of whom are in violation of the Catholic Dogma on jurisdiction and governance.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic Faith (pre-fulfillment) writing of Psalm 1:1 >
"Blessed is the man who hath not walked in the counsel of the ungodly, nor stood in the way of sinners, nor sat in the chair of pestilence."

Note 1: The "counsel of the ungodly" is the counsel of the Vatican-2 heretic cult and the "independents" (all of whom are in violation of the governance and jurisdiction Dogma). The "chairs of pestilence" are the pews in the Vatican-2 heretic meeting halls and the meeting halls of the "independents".

Note 2: "Standing in the way of sinners" is standing in the meeting halls of the Vatican-2 cult or in the buildings of the "independents" -- they're all in heresy with no exception.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Pope Pius IX, Graves Ac Diuturnae (# 4), 23 March 1875 >
"They (the faithful) should totally shun their "religious" celebrations, their buildings, and their chairs of pestilence which they have with impunity established to "transmit" the sacred teachings. They should shun their writings and all contact with them. They should not have any dealings or meetings with usurping priests and apostates from the faith who dare to exercise the duties of an ecclesiastical "minister" without possessing a legitimate mission or any jurisdiction."

Note 1: The Vatican-2 heretic cult and the independents" are operating their "chairs of pestilence" which we are instructed here to shun (See Sections 12 through 21 of this website). We are to reject their writings (including the heretic riddled "Vatican-2 council" documents) and avoid contact with them.

Note 2: The Vatican-2-ists lack "legitimate mission and jurisdiction" because Christ only founded the Catholic Church, He did not start the Vatican-2 heretic cult in 1965. The Vatican-2 apostasy was set up prior to 1962 by anti-Popes "Benedict XV", "Pius XI", "Pius XII", and "John XXIII" (See Sections 12.9, 20, 20.1, and 20.2 of this website). Likewise, Christ did not start any of the "independents".

Note 3: The Vatican-2 and "independent" heretics are not "transmitting the sacred teachings" (which is the Catholic Dogmas) they are transmitting their man-made fables - various heresies against the Catholic truths such as the salvation, water baptism, governance and jurisdiction Dogmas.

Note 4: There is no Catholic jurisdiction or governance in the world at this time, it temporarily ceased on 8 December 1965 -- the day the "Vatican-2 council" closed. We know this is temporary because of the Dogma at the Vatican Council of 1870, Session 4, Chapter 2.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Wings of Eagles >
"Before Campion and his associates began to preach, Catholics had often compromised with protestantism ... Campion preached … bold and uncompromising. Catholics could not attend the 'protestant' services and retain their faith."

Note: Saint Edmond Campion stating to not go into (in our time) the Vatican-2 heretic "services".

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Saint Athanasius, Doctor of the Church, died 373 A.D. >
"Saint Anthony (Of the Desert) never held communion with the meletian schismatics, knowing their wickedness and rebellion from the beginning, nor had friendly converse with the manicheans, nor any other heretics, save only to warn them to return to their duty, believing and teaching that their friendship and society was a harm and ruin to the soul, still also he loathed the arian heresy and taught all neither to go near them nor partake in their ill-faith."

Note: The ill-faith, in our times not to attend, includes the Vatican-2 heretic meeting halls and the "independents" -- none of these groups are keeping to the Catholic Dogma and Sources of Dogma.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Saint Ignatius of Antioch >
"It is fitting, therefore, that you keep aloof from such persons, and neither in private nor in public speak to them. But flee from all abominable heresies and those who cause schism ... Brethren, do not be deceived. If any man follows him who separates from the truth, he shall not inherit the Kingdom of God; and if any man does not stay away from the preacher of falsehood, he shall be condemned to Hell ... If anyone walks according to a foreign doctrine, he is not of Christ, nor a partaker of His passion. Have no fellowship with such a man, lest you perish along with him, even though he should be your father, your son, your brother, or a member of your family."

Note: In our time this would be instruction to avoid the Vatican-2 heretic meeting halls and the "independents" ("sspx", "sspv", "cmri", "Thuc line", etc.) ... all of whom are in violation of the Catholic Dogma on jurisdiction and governance.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic writing of Romans 16:17 >
"Now I beseech you, brethren, to mark them who make dissensions and offences contrary to the doctrine which you have learned, and avoid them."

Note: Another clear warning to avoid the Vatican-2 heretic meeting halls which have relentless "dissensions and offences contrary" to the Catholic Dogma. This, of course, includes the Vatican-2 meeting halls that "offer" 1962 Missal liturgy to the Vatican-2 "god" (which doesn't exist) and the "independent chapels" that offer a Catholic looking liturgy ... all of the "independents" are in violation of the jurisdiction and governance Dogma of the Church, so they do not worship the Catholic God either.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic writing of 1 Corinthians 5:11 >
"But now I have written to you, not to keep company, if any man ... be ... a server of idols."

Note: Those in Vatican-2 meeting halls are servers of idols ... their Vatican-2 "god" is a man-made fable and idol invented at the "Vatican-2 council" (1962-1965). Those in the "independent" groups are all servers of idols because they worship a "god" who is against the Catholic Dogma on Jurisdiction and Governance shown in Section 87 of this site.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Pope Eugene IV, Council of Basel, Session 20, 22 Jan 1435 -- Ex-Cathedra Dogma >
"... nobody shall be obliged to abstain from communion with anyone in the administration and reception of sacraments or in any other sacred or profane matters, ... unless ... it is clear that someone has incurred a sentence of excommunication with such notoriety that it cannot be concealed or in any way excused in law."

Note 1: The Vatican-2 heretic cult founded in 1965 is clearly notorious, obvious, and manifest in their seemingly countless heresies against the Catholic Dogma - with all their publically available heresy including the 16 "Vatican-2 council" documents. The Vatican-2-ists have taken over our Catholic properties around the world.

Note 2: The so-called "traditionalists" of the Vatican-2 cult promote and enforce the Vatican-2 heresy in their Vatican-2 meeting halls. These groups go by the names of the "Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter" ("FSSP") and "Institute of Christ the King" -- the problem is Saint Peter was in the Catholic Church which the "FSSP" is not in (so they don't have Catholic priests) while Jesus Christ has nothing to do with the "Institute" either since the "Institute" is part of the Vatican-2 cult which was founded in 1965.

Note 3: All of the "independents" ("SSPX", "SSPV", "Thuc line", "CMRI", other "independents", etc.) are in violation of this citation because they are heretics against the Catholic Dogma on Jurisdiction and Governance ... they are all well known and notorious in their heresy.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic writing of 2 Thessalonians 3:6, 14 >
"And we charge you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you withdraw yourselves from every brother walking disorderly, and not according to the tradition which they have received of us. (...) And if any man obey not our word by this epistle, note that man, and do not keep company with him ..."

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Catholic writing of Saint Matthew 10:32-39 >
"Every one therefore that shall confess Me before men, I will also confess him before My Father who is in Heaven. But he that shall deny Me before men, I will also deny him before my Father who is in heaven. Do not think that I came to send peace upon earth: I came not to send peace, but the sword. For I came to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law. And as a man's enemies shall be they of his own household. He that loveth father or mother more than Me, is not worthy of Me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than Me, is not worthy of Me. And he that taketh not up his cross, and followeth Me, is not worthy of Me. He that findeth his life, shall lose it: and he that shall lose his life for Me, shall find it."

Note 1: If your family members insist on participating in the Vatican-2 heretic cult, or are keeping to the Vatican-2 heresies that non-Catholics can get to Heaven (they can't), that those who are not baptized in water can get to Heaven (they can't), that there is Christianity outside of the Catholic Church (there isn't) ... then you have no choice but to separate from them.

Note 2: The family members who hold to the Vatican-2 heresies have left the Catholic family of God, you (who believe the Catholic Dogma) didn't leave them, they left you. The same with any family members that may be mixed up in the "SSPX", "SSPV", "CMRI", "Thuc line", other "independents", etc. -- they have also left the Catholic Church.

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Saint Vincent of Lerins >
"All novelty in faith is a sure mark of heresy. Saint Paul cried out aloud, again and again, to all men, to all times, and to all places that, if anyone announces a new dogma, let him be anathematized!"

~ ~                                         ~ ~

Pope Saint Leo the Great >
"The Faith shall never vary in any age, for one is the faith which justifies the Just of all ages. It is unlawful to differ even by a single word from Apostolic doctrine."

Note: This includes differing from the Catholic Dogma on Jurisdiction and Governance.

~ ~ ~ ~

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